The Role of Advertising in Business Essay -- Role of Market Communicat

1. INTRODUCTION 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 4. SOURCES OF DATA 5. RESEARCH DESIGN 6. CONCLUSIONS 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. INTRODUCTION Advertising in business is a type of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate a customer to take or continue to take some action. The desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering. The primary role of advertising is to inform potential customers of the products and services in the market and convince them to make a purchase. Through advertisements customers are informed of new products, their role, their benefit and the prices at which they are being made available to the customer. It is a technique used to influence people's minds and encourage more sales. The main purpose of advertising is to deliver the proper message to customers and prospective customers. The purpose of advertising is to convince customers that a company's services or products are the best, to enhance the image of the company, point out and create a need for their products or services, demonstrate new uses for the established ones, announce new products and programs, reinforce the individual messages of the sales people, draw customers to the business, and to hold existing customers. Advertising lies in the Promotion part of Marketing Mix, but it applies to all the other P's as well. Promoting one’s business is the key ingredient to making one’s business successful. Promotion, along with a great product, key placement, and a reasonable price, will help a marketer work his way to the top. Promoting does not mean leaving his advertising up to the word of mouth of his current customer. â€Æ' 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Brand Equity & ... ...n their advertising strategies as on their products and services †¢ Consumers’ attitude towards advertisements varies greatly †¢ Advertising is considered necessary for growth and success of big companies these days †¢ A product that is not advertised is lost on the customer. †¢ Advertising is the backbone of today’s sales industry. â€Æ' 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY †¢ DA Aaker, AL Biel- 1993- books.google.com †¢ T Meenaghan - Journal of Product & Brand Management, 1995 - emeraldinsight.com †¢ FM Scherer, D Ross - University of Illinois †¢ WF Mueller, RT Rogers - The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1980 – JSTOR †¢ M Sutherland, J Galloway - Journal of Advertising Research, 1981 - sutherlandsurvey.com †¢ VA Zeithaml, MJ Bitner - 1996 - lavoisier.fr †¢ business-finance.blurtit.com †¢ smallbusiness.chron.com †º Advertising & Marketing †º Advertising †¢ www.advertising.nsw.gov.au

Morals of Euthanasia

Dena Furey Euthanasia March 8, 2013 Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of purposely making or helping someone die, instead of allowing nature to take its course. Basically, euthanasia means killing in the name of compassion. Often surrounded by heated arguments from both those in favor of and those against the practice, human euthanasia spurs the most conflict within political circles, differing cultural and religious attitudes, and the health care system. I will be defending Tom L. Beauchamp’s theory that euthanasia is ethically moral and sometimes permissible.Beauchamp’s theory states that if voluntary passive euthanasia is sometimes permissible, then voluntary active euthanasia is sometimes permissible. Voluntary passive euthanasia is when a patient refuses treatment, such as a do not resuscitate (DNR) order. Voluntary active euthanasia is when a patient requests treatment, such a lethal dose. Beauchamp has a negative and positive thesis to his theory. They are: * Nega tive thesis-you cannot condemn physician assisted suicide by merely invoking the position of letting die and killing. Positive thesis-physician assisted suicide is permissible when you’re not only not doing any harm but also have a valid authorization from the patient. The first part of Beauchamp’s thesis deals with the distinction between letting die and killing. Opposers of Beauchamp’s thesis state that voluntary passive euthanasia (DNR) is permissible because you are letting the patient die, whereas voluntary active euthanasia (lethal dose) is killing the patient. Beauchamp thinks there is a problem with the definition of letting die and killing and that we need to make a clear distinction between them.Beauchamp presents a few ways we might be able to make that distinction. They are as follows: * Intentions-an act is a killing if and only if it is an intended death, you can foresee the consequences of your actions. Beauchamp presents a challenge to this. A DN R can be seen as an intended killing because the health care practitioner can foresee the consequences, and it could be interpreted as killing the patient if they do not revive him. Another example could be a drunken driving case. When a person drives drunk they do not intend to kill someone, is that now not considered a killing.So, Beauchamp thinks this definition of killing is wrong. * Wrongfulness-an act is a killing if and only if it is a wrongful death. Beauchamp presents a challenge to this. A DNR is considered not wrongful, but a lethal dose is wrongful, but going against a patient’s wishes could be considered wrongful in the lethal dose case. What is considered wrongful, that is what we are trying to answer. So, our conclusion is in our question, it makes a circular argument. Beauchamp thinks this definition of killing is wrong. Causation-an act is a killing if and only if an agent as opposed to an underlying condition causes death. Beauchamp offers an example to show the problem with the causal theory. A policeman is hurt in the line of duty and placed on life support. A mafia guy who wants the policemen dead comes in and pulls the plug, which in turn causes the policeman to die. In this case, what the mafia guy did was not wrong because the policeman died of natural causes. It was the underlying condition that caused the policeman’s death, not the mafia guy.Is this acceptable? One opponent to Beauchamp, Bernard Gert, says he wants to hold onto the causal theory. He thinks the mafia guy did wrong because he did not have a valid refusal of treatment from the policeman, such as a DNR. Beauchamp offers an answer to Gert showing how the causal theory is still a wrong definition of killing and letting die. It was not really the letting die of the policeman that was important to Gert; it was the refusal of valid authorization to pull the plug which made it a killing.So, if what Gert thinks is pivotal is what the patient wants, then why is a le thal dose request by the patient considered a killing and not a letting die. Beauchamp thinks the causal theory does not work. The conclusion to all these theories is that even if you can make a distinction between letting die and killing it still will not make a difference morally. The positive part of Beauchamp’s thesis states that physician assisted suicide is permissible when you’re not only not doing any harm but also have a valid authorization from the patient.Let’s establish what a valid authorization is. Beauchamp says a valid authorization is a request from someone with the authority to make a decision and it needs to be done freely and autonomous. I feel as though in the case of a lethal dose a little more needs to be added to the valid authorization. I think it should also include that the diagnosis given be terminal, the decision should not be made at the time of the diagnosis but after thinking everything over and it should be an enduring, voluntary , and competent informed decision, not co-erced in any way.The patient’s suffering should be unbearable, that there is no way of making that suffering bearable that is acceptable to the patient, and the physician’s judgments as to the diagnosis and prognosis were confirmed after consultation with another physician. Beauchamp’s position on the moral ethics of a lethal dose say that 1) we should abandon the letting die and killing distinction, 2) when it is wrong to cause death, what makes it wrong?. 3) The answer to that question is unjustified harm. For instance in the mafia example, the mafia guy did wrong because he did unjustified harm and did not act in the will of the patient.In conclusion, when voluntary active euthanasia would do no harm and there is a valid authorization, it is not wrong. There are, however, some well-known objections to human euthanasia. The oath a health care practitioner takes in one objection. I feel as though the oath needs to be ch anged to reflect modern society and medical practice. The world has changed since the oath was first written, as have ethical codes of conduct. Another objection is the slippery slope argument. People think that once the government steps in and starts killing its citizens, a dangerous precedent has been set.The concern is that a society that allows voluntary euthanasia will gradually change its attitudes to include non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia. Although this does present the need for more regulation and control of euthanasia, history has clearly demonstrated that any law or system can be abused. Also, what reason is there to believe that someone’s support for voluntary euthanasia be psychologically driven to practice non-voluntary euthanasia. Palliative care has been a favored alternative to euthanasia but thus still presents the issue of quality of life.When choosing palliative care over physician assisted suicide I think it would be important to ask w hether life will be enjoyed and not simply tolerable. To get the best palliative care requires trial and error with some suffering in the process. Even high quality palliative care comes with side effects such as nausea, loss of awareness because of drowsiness, and so on. Where voluntary euthanasia is not tolerated, giving large doses of opioids to relieve pain in the knowledge that this will also end life is tolerable.In situations where palliative care can only guarantee a life that is tolerable, I think euthanasia is a legitimate option. Opponents to euthanasia state that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person. Every person has these rights; however, if a person has the right to life, then they should have the right to die. Everyone should have the same control in choosing the way they die as they do in which they live. It is unfair to decide whether one should live with pain and agony, knowing full well that they have a terminal illness from which there is no known recovery.In the past, the doctor was a person who was a friend. Now a doctor is a stranger who combats diseases, but she is not always your friend. What will never change is their struggle against death. However, they’re job is not only to prevent death but to improve they’re patient’s quality of life. Many times there is nothing a doctor can do to prevent a patient from dying if the patient has a terminal disease; all she can do is wait for death to arrive. I think and believe that it is everyone’s right to determine the amount of suffering they can endure in their lifetime.It should not be up to fellow society members to decide what they must endure because of differing viewpoints on who is responsible for their life. I do not tell anyone how to live, so do not tell me how to die. Death could be a choice that you might not make, but a choice that someone else can have. Dena Furey Euthanasia March 8, 2013 Bibliography Page Beauchamp, Tom L. à ¢â‚¬Å"Justifying Physician-Assisted Suicide†, Ethics in Practice. 3rd ed. Ed. Hugh LaFollette. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. , 2007. 72-79. Print.

The Role Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership...

Comparison Matrix Paper . Article one entitled â€Å"Transformational leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter?† by Wright and Pandey, discusses the public organization and goes against stereotypical beliefs that they are filled with bureaucracy. Next â€Å"The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel,† written by Emery and Barker job satisfaction in the banking food store businesses. The last article titled â€Å"Differential effects of Females and male candidates on system justification: Can Cracks in the glass ceiling foster complacency?† by Brown and Diekman pertains to the lack of equality in politics for women. The authors addressed three main points the what, when and how of these theories will be analyzed. The authors suggest that public organizations are not as bureaucratic as stereotypically believed and that the performance measures in place support higher l evels of transformational leadership in these organizations. (Wright Pandey 2009). The standards are tested regarding transformational leadership. The veracity by which the authors discuss transformation leadership intends to leave the reader to draw their own conclusions. Transformational Leadership in the in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter? The authors suggest that public organizations are not as bureaucratic as stereotypically believed and that the performance measures in placeShow MoreRelatedExpanded Comparison Matrix Paper1550 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Advanced Graduate Studies and Scholarship July 9, 2012 The three articles used for this comparison matrix looked at transformational leadership and how it affects those in relation to each study. The three articles were all written with a different purpose in mind, with all three correlating to the same hypothesis, â€Å"How does transformational leadership affect employees/individuals in different settings?† With similarities found in topic, it was also evident that there were severalRead MoreLeadership Styles Of Starwood Hotels1617 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Styles Within Starwood A customer contact center (CCC), is a dynamic, diverse and powerful support component, working behind the scenes for Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. Starwood is a fully integrated owner, operator and franchisor of hotels, resorts and residences, including a vacation ownership segment (starwoodhotels.com, n.d.). Their hotel brands include: Westin, Sheraton, W Hotels, Aloft, Element, LeMeridien, Four Points by Sheraton, The Luxury Collection andRead MoreExpanded Comparison Matrix paper1825 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Expanded Comparison Matrix Paper of Transformational Leadership Leona Sgardner Grand Canyon University: RES811 Introduction to Research March 26, 2014 Comparison Matrix Paper of Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership’s influence on job performance, job satisfaction, employee attitudes, and employee engagement has been studied and compared to the influence of transactional leadership on the same. This paper compares three studies by three differentRead MoreComparision Matrix1517 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyzed Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter, written by Bradley Wright and Sanjay Pandey in April of 2003. The writer’s intent concluded that followers must be flexible in order for their leader to motivate them beyond satisfaction of their job performance. According to Wright and Pandey (2003), transformational leaders essentially direct, inspire, and empower their employees. Article two analyzed the Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership stylesRead MoreEssay about Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management4498 Words   |  18 PagesThis suggests that the gender composition of managerial ranks is li kely to change in the medium term, with concurrent changes in the typical leadership style valued in the industry. This article seeks to explore and quantify the differences in gender-based perceptions of leadership styles and outcomes in the hospitality industry. 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The problem arose with Reed’s inability to motivate Fred (Buller Schuler, 2003). Major Issues The major issue is this case is Reed’s inability to motivate Fred, which inevitably led to the dismal of a long-time loyal employee. The major issues associated with this motivation problem include Reed’s unsuccessful leadership attempt, the de-motivating factors of the appraisal system, and the violationRead MoreThe Impact Of Managerial Styles On Organizational Effectiveness7129 Words   |  29 PagesACTIVITY: 1 Task 1: An evaluation of leadership theories. Task 2: An evaluation of the impact of managerial styles on organizational effectiveness. Task 3: An analysis of how motivational theory can inform employee motivation. Task 4: An analysis of theories relating to work relationships and interaction. Please consider these as a report: Leadership theories: For decades, leadership theories have been the source of numerous studies. 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An analysis of theories relating to work relationships and interaction Report Evaluation of leadership theories There are various theories of leadership and they each carry their own values for decades now. To become a successful leader one must not only understand but learn to follow

George Washington s Servant Leadership - 1451 Words

A servant leader is that leader who shares power, puts the interest of others first and then help them grow and perform as highly as possible. As Robert Greenfield argued when he comes up with the servant leadership philosophy back in 1970’s, he asserted that as a servant leader, one must start by becoming a servant first. That is, as a leader, one must start by focusing on the needs of others particularly the team without considering his or her personal interest first. Currently, the significance of servant leadership has been justified by the need to make any organization more relationship-oriented and the force their leaders to step aside from personal-centeredness including narcissism and thereby integrating such businesses goals with†¦show more content†¦George Washington as a Servant Leader On a particularly rainy day by the time of American Revolution wars, a man come riding on his horse and come to a team of soldiers who were trying to raise a wooden beam high in position, the man was George Washington. Though the lead corporal was shouting the words of encouragement, his men could not raise the beam to its position. After watching them fail to raise it up, George asked the lead corporal why he cannot join his team for help, the corporal’s response was that (why don’t you see that I am the corporal here). What followed was that George dismounted on his horse and proceeded to help those soldiers to get the beam back in position. After finishing, George wiped out perspiration from his face and to the soldiers (if you need help anymore, just call on Washington your commander-in-chief and a will come to help you) (The Pennsylvania State University, 2012). From the story, we could see George Washington as a servant leader. He exhibits humility including a willingness to serve others. He contained a self-awareness attached with love towards his people, he was people’s oriented, valued the society, and was committed to assisting the communities in their growth (Blog at WordPress.com, 2015). The spirit of servant leadership is being capable of balancing the need for serving others with the essence of power including authority. George’s sense of power did not come from his official position as theShow MoreRelatedNational Geographic: The Real George Washington (2008).1471 Words   |  6 PagesGeographic: The Real George Washington (2008) George Washington was a natural-born leader. 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Garfield Leadership James Abram Garfield, 20th President of United States was born on November 19, 1831 in Ohio. His father died when he was only 17 months old, raised by his mother he attended school and went to work in his home town. A good student, James Garfield developed himself as a great speaker and passionate debater while attending college in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Later on he preached in church and went on to teach at Eclectic institute, got marriedRead MoreA History : A Shameful History Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthe need for cheap labor increased, a system was developed to attract workers for less money. Typically, these â€Å"servants† worked four to seven years in exchange for passage, room, board, lodging, and freedom dues. Although not technically seen as slavery, a life in indentured servitude was just as harsh and the punishments for any wrong-doing were inhumane. 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Whichever he was called he made a change. Born into slavery Booker Taliaferro Washington was what they called a mullato. He was mixed he didn’t know his white father and his mother was mullato a slave on a plantation. He worked an s a servant in his child hood; he was born inRead MoreEmployee Engagement and Organizational Success1179 Words   |  5 Pagesof the followers and praising their contributions. Thisaspect of leadership is displayed by general feedback, generating ideas and possess enthusiastic in requesting for help (Bradley P. Owens, 2013). One example of this leadership quality is described by DAVID J. BOBB(David J B, 2013) in his book saying following servant leadership is very difficult as it is not a natural talent to anyone. He takes the example of George Washington, though considered to be a man of high temp er and showing excess

Sociology and The Natural Sciences Essay - 1067 Words

Sociology is the study of society as well as the pursuit of knowledge regarding human social activities however, the entity’s legitimacy as a science is a concept worth discussion. Although sociology is different at face value than the natural sciences, the two possess fundamental similarities by which problems are recognized and explained. With the explanation of why sociology is a science, the next step would be to specify what type of science sociology is and how it relates to the natural sciences. Karl Popper is an often cited philosopher when addressing the concern of sociology as a science and by his logical explanation of science one can easily deduce that sociology is a science. In his article problems are discussed as the†¦show more content†¦This foundational aspect is the bond which ties the social sciences with the natural sciences. The natural sciences are often deemed true sciences because they are widely believed to objectively evaluate problems, create and implement solutions, and then scientifically test or critique these solutions. The foundation of the scientific process is one which is akin to the process which sociology utilizes to expand knowledge and fix problems. While on the surface social sciences and natural sciences may practice differently, the point which Karl Popper makes is that they possess relationships at the foundational level making sociology a science. Each of the two begins with a problem which is discovered through observation. After the problem is recognized, a solution is formed and then tested and critiqued. If the solution is found to be false, a new solution is formed while conversely if a solution is found to be true, it is accepted until it can be disproven. Physics, like all sociological theories, has gone through this process of formation, evaluation and acceptance since its inception. Theories which were once recognized as being legitimate are now considered false as a result of experimentation. Therefore, if sociology goes through the same process as Popper indicates, than logically it must be a science. With the argument that sociology is a scienceShow MoreRelatedEssay Positivists 1421 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Positivists believe that we can gain true and objective knowledge of reality by applying methods of natural sciences in sociology . For them, reality exists independently of the human mind and nature is made up of objective, observable, physical facts that are external to our minds. They believe that like matter, humans are directed by an external stimuli-the society-and they act accordingly (example: functionalism, Marxism). By analyzing quantitative data, positivists simply seek to discover lawsRead MoreSociology as a Science Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pages Sociology emerged in the eighteenth century after a period of intense cultural, social and economic changes. As people began to try to understand these changes, there came a period called the Enlightenment. This is also considered by Hamilton (1992) to be a â€Å"time characterised by the development of distinctively modern forms of thought about society and the realm of the social.† The Enlightenment encouraged a new way of thinking marked by application of reason, experienceRead MoreIs Sociology a Science1655 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The study of sociology cannot and should not be seen as scientific† To what extent do sociological arguments and evidence support this view? (33 marks) The debate about whether sociology can be represented as a science has existed for many years. 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Together, they give the modern sociologist competing, yet complimentary, tools with which to understand social phenomena. When writing his book, Suicide: A Study in Sociology, Emile Durkheim wanted to show that empirical data could be used

Aliens Existence Free Essays

Aliens Existence This is a never ending debate. Do aliens really exist? Does anyone have proof that aliens exist? If they do, why can’t we spot them with the help of our space instruments? Why don’t they fly down to our planet as we do to theirs? The questions keep boggling minds of kids and adults alike. But the truth remains that aliens do really exist. We will write a custom essay sample on Aliens Existence or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are simply established facts and reported incidents, some even with videos, with proof that aliens really exist. Yes, aliens do exist, but there is some clarification that must come first before concerning what you mean by aliens. Aliens do exist and if we want a wide interpretation of the word alien, including all living consciousness that are not us, not residing near us or of the same grouping as ourself, then we would open a Pandora’s Box and this argument would need to be as long as an entire book. Everything you perceive from earth, rocks, insects, trees, flowers and humans is composed of living consciousness, not of course of our same level of comprehension, but living matter nevertheless. Fortunately we know what we mean when we talk of aliens, so other than to say that the experience of even animals is so different that they could almost be classified as aliens to our world, and it is amazing that we can co-exist as well as we do. So we will not include other living consciousness less than our own or that we do not perceive, but try to limit our explanation to similar types of living beings that we would like to sit down with and enjoy conversation and a cup of coffee. We will not be considering animals here either or any of the countless realities that swirl through, around close to our own physical earth. We cannot perceive them, but that doesn’t mean that they don’t exist, and quite as real as our earth. (Meagher) This subject covers so much ground that the best we can do is scratch the surface. I think one of the great ironies of our civilization at this stage of its development is the question â€Å"Are we alone? â€Å", since we are not even alone on our own planet, but we will never meet an alien walking down the street, tip your hat and say â€Å"have a good day sir†. I hope we get the inference here that all aliens are not materialized in the same way we are, and the general rule is that we only see our own kind. Why is this? It is because our perceptions are highly tuned to create (form) reality along certain lines, within certain highly specialized fields, and then to perceive what we have created that falls within those specific parameters. Other realities that have been created by others not like us, but just as valid, will be totally out of our range of perception, so to speak, and in physical terms, we will never be able to perceive them. That does not mean that we will forever be unable to communicate with them, and as our abilities grow, we will learn to use inner communications to contact other civilizations that we would otherwise be unable to sense using your physical perceptions. There are literally countless physical and non-physical realities with beings at least equal to or more advanced than our own, swirling around, through and near our dear planet earth and we will never rub shoulders with them. They are as real as we are to our own kind, but to us they have no substance, seem to lack physical structure, and will remain invisible. They utilize the same properties of the earth as we do, but to them, (Allan)our constructions do not exist. They will never bump into a pyramid or an empire state building, yet they might indeed walk through them, and we walk through their constructions every day. (Allan) Needless to say, there are countless realities that have no need for physical form and exist in what could only at this time be likened to our dream reality and of course, their experience, value satisfactions and growth is not dependent on atomic structure to the extent ours is. They do not need a planet or a star to exist and could actually exist in what we would call empty space. Of course, to them, the space would not be empty at all, but filled with a different kind of psychic constructions, a reality, quite as real as our own. In our universe, there are countless systems of reality, and physical systems are not the norm. The most advanced entities and their home systems are not physical at all and the need for physical expression decreases as the inhabitants of any plane evolve and progress. The highest entities do not occupy physical systems, although they and others like themselves have created many systems, worlds and universes, even though they evolved from other systems and never experienced physical reality. Now here is what you really want to know. There are what we could call â€Å"parallel realities†, that have originated within the same overall universal camouflage system as ours, gone on to other planets in your solar system and universe and do have the ability to travel through our same space, utilizing technologies far superior to anything we may now envision. These beings by the sheer nature of their advanced technologies do have the ability to traverse the immense distances required to reach other inhabited planets. Their technologies and advanced understanding of the true nature of the universe, allow them to take shortcuts to their destinations. Space is not really what it looks like to us and others see through the illusion and can penetrate space in ways that are difficult to explain. Space and all it seems to contain is simply your interpretation of available fields of energy that you mentally configure into something that makes sense to us. Meagher) It is fascinating to watch human behavior that continues to be egocentric. Why else would they keep on debating the issue of proof that aliens exist, when they have hard core proof in their hands? Extra-terrestrials or aliens have been given a kind of artistic figure by Hollywood movies and we believe that if aliens exist, they would look like that. But question remains, what if aliens exist in any other form than the physical entity like ours? How do we then find proof that aliens exist? The Universe is huge and to give proof that aliens exist would be no small a matter. Yet we have proof that aliens exist in real. A flying disc was seen once by pilots, crew members and many other people standing at Chicago O’Hare Airport in November 2006. This story was brought out on CNN and this is one undeniable proof that aliens exist. Works Cited Allan, William. â€Å"Do Aliens Really Exist? † Platinum Author 8 August 2008. Meagher, L. D. â€Å"Review Confirmation. † 29 July 1998. How to cite Aliens Existence, Papers Aliens Existence Free Essays Aliens Existence This is a never ending debate. Do aliens really exist? Does anyone have proof that aliens exist? If they do, why can’t we spot them with the help of our space instruments? Why don’t they fly down to our planet as we do to theirs? The questions keep boggling minds of kids and adults alike. But the truth remains that aliens do really exist. We will write a custom essay sample on Aliens Existence or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are simply established facts and reported incidents, some even with videos, with proof that aliens really exist. Yes, aliens do exist, but there is some clarification that must come first before concerning what you mean by aliens. Aliens do exist and if we want a wide interpretation of the word alien, including all living consciousness that are not us, not residing near us or of the same grouping as ourself, then we would open a Pandora’s Box and this argument would need to be as long as an entire book. Everything you perceive from earth, rocks, insects, trees, flowers and humans is composed of living consciousness, not of course of our same level of comprehension, but living matter nevertheless. Fortunately we know what we mean when we talk of aliens, so other than to say that the experience of even animals is so different that they could almost be classified as aliens to our world, and it is amazing that we can co-exist as well as we do. So we will not include other living consciousness less than our own or that we do not perceive, but try to limit our explanation to similar types of living beings that we would like to sit down with and enjoy conversation and a cup of coffee. We will not be considering animals here either or any of the countless realities that swirl through, around close to our own physical earth. We cannot perceive them, but that doesn’t mean that they don’t exist, and quite as real as our earth. (Meagher) This subject covers so much ground that the best we can do is scratch the surface. I think one of the great ironies of our civilization at this stage of its development is the question â€Å"Are we alone? â€Å", since we are not even alone on our own planet, but we will never meet an alien walking down the street, tip your hat and say â€Å"have a good day sir†. I hope we get the inference here that all aliens are not materialized in the same way we are, and the general rule is that we only see our own kind. Why is this? It is because our perceptions are highly tuned to create (form) reality along certain lines, within certain highly specialized fields, and then to perceive what we have created that falls within those specific parameters. Other realities that have been created by others not like us, but just as valid, will be totally out of our range of perception, so to speak, and in physical terms, we will never be able to perceive them. That does not mean that we will forever be unable to communicate with them, and as our abilities grow, we will learn to use inner communications to contact other civilizations that we would otherwise be unable to sense using your physical perceptions. There are literally countless physical and non-physical realities with beings at least equal to or more advanced than our own, swirling around, through and near our dear planet earth and we will never rub shoulders with them. They are as real as we are to our own kind, but to us they have no substance, seem to lack physical structure, and will remain invisible. They utilize the same properties of the earth as we do, but to them, (Allan)our constructions do not exist. They will never bump into a pyramid or an empire state building, yet they might indeed walk through them, and we walk through their constructions every day. (Allan) Needless to say, there are countless realities that have no need for physical form and exist in what could only at this time be likened to our dream reality and of course, their experience, value satisfactions and growth is not dependent on atomic structure to the extent ours is. They do not need a planet or a star to exist and could actually exist in what we would call empty space. Of course, to them, the space would not be empty at all, but filled with a different kind of psychic constructions, a reality, quite as real as our own. In our universe, there are countless systems of reality, and physical systems are not the norm. The most advanced entities and their home systems are not physical at all and the need for physical expression decreases as the inhabitants of any plane evolve and progress. The highest entities do not occupy physical systems, although they and others like themselves have created many systems, worlds and universes, even though they evolved from other systems and never experienced physical reality. Now here is what you really want to know. There are what we could call â€Å"parallel realities†, that have originated within the same overall universal camouflage system as ours, gone on to other planets in your solar system and universe and do have the ability to travel through our same space, utilizing technologies far superior to anything we may now envision. These beings by the sheer nature of their advanced technologies do have the ability to traverse the immense distances required to reach other inhabited planets. Their technologies and advanced understanding of the true nature of the universe, allow them to take shortcuts to their destinations. Space is not really what it looks like to us and others see through the illusion and can penetrate space in ways that are difficult to explain. Space and all it seems to contain is simply your interpretation of available fields of energy that you mentally configure into something that makes sense to us. Meagher) It is fascinating to watch human behavior that continues to be egocentric. Why else would they keep on debating the issue of proof that aliens exist, when they have hard core proof in their hands? Extra-terrestrials or aliens have been given a kind of artistic figure by Hollywood movies and we believe that if aliens exist, they would look like that. But question remains, what if aliens exist in any other form than the physical entity like ours? How do we then find proof that aliens exist? The Universe is huge and to give proof that aliens exist would be no small a matter. Yet we have proof that aliens exist in real. A flying disc was seen once by pilots, crew members and many other people standing at Chicago O’Hare Airport in November 2006. This story was brought out on CNN and this is one undeniable proof that aliens exist. Works Cited Allan, William. â€Å"Do Aliens Really Exist? † Platinum Author 8 August 2008. Meagher, L. D. â€Å"Review Confirmation. † 29 July 1998. How to cite Aliens Existence, Essay examples

Why Do We Consider Odysseus to Be a Hero free essay sample

Why do we consider Odysseus to be a hero? Was he all bullets and bravado like the heroes of today? Was he a testosterone and power armor kind of hero we see in video games? No, but he was heroic nonetheless. His loyalty, valor, humanity and most importantly, his intelligence, sets him apart from many other heroes from his era and from ours. He exemplifies the most important ideals of Homeric Greeks and is portrayed not only as a proud adventurer, but also as a caring father and a husband. Loyalty is one of the most important of Homeric Ideals. Odysseus has always been seen as loyal to his family in lthica and the men who he travelled with. Some examples of his loyalty towards his family are his Journey itself, traversing stormy seas and vicious locals to see his family again. His outstanding loyalty kept him going for twenty years until he was finally reunited with his beloved family. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do We Consider Odysseus to Be a Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He also never lost sight of his goal to return home, even during his stays with the two sultry goddesses Circe and Calypso. His stay with Circe can be seen as unfaithfulness to Penelope; however, it was necessary to free his men from their pig-form enchantment. Outstanding valor is a very common trait among heroes from all time periods and Odysseus is no exception. He faced the most fearsome creatures such as Cyclopes, Scylla and Charibdys. He even blinded Polythemus, son of Poseidon. While he may have wept for his fallen men during these encounters, his courage never once faltered, and drove him to surpass these obstacles no matter how terrifying. And his journey to Hades chilled his men to the bone, but Odysseus never gave into fear. Beowulf also had valor to spare. His horrors might even have been greater then those encountered by Odysseus. Both had watched their kinsmen slaughtered before their eyes, both have slain monsters, but Beowulf always killed his prey alone. It takes far more courage to face an inhuman opponent without your comrades to aid you. Odysseus often shows that even though he may be a hero, he was still human. His emotions and how he expresses them show that he is still human above all else. This would make him easy to relate to by the reader/audience. This is one area where Odysseus surpasses Beowulf. While Beowulf may have had unparallel courage, much of his qualities were often inhuman. Beowulf did not show to have very strong family bonds, whereas family bonds are the reason why Odysseus never gave up on his twenty-year Journey home. He may have been easier to relate to during the era where his story was being told in taverns where nearly every man at one aspired to be a noble warrior. However, to the modern reader, Beowulf may seem like a heaping ass of muscle that while having strong values, showed little emotion. This makes Beowulf seem less realistic then Odysseus. The most renowned heroic quality of Odysseus was his intelligence. This is what tried to battle through every obstacle that came his way. Odysseuss cunning is the main reason why he stayed alive, why Greece finally defeated Troy with the Trojan Horse, and ultimately the reason why he managed to get home against all odds. Even when confronted by the goddess Athene, he remains cautious and invents creative lies on the spot. His expertise in the art of deceit saved his life during his encounter with the Cyclops Polythemus. First, by convincing the Cyclops to drink the wine and putting him into a deep sleep where his single remained open. Secondly, by sharpening the trunk of an olive tree into a great steak, heating it over a fire and then thrusting into the Cyclopes one eye. Third by calling himself Nobody so that when Polythemus called for aid he said, Nobody is killing by cunning! meriting a humorous reaction from the rest of the Cyclopes telling him to tell his father.